100 questions about drilling engineering
Part two. Underground accident management.
60. How is the magnet salvager used correctly?
A: A suitable magnetographer, based on the diameter of the wellhole eye, with a maximum diameter of 10-25 mm less than that of the wellhole eye.
2 Find material, test magnetic size, level of solidity.
3 Whether or not to bring a slipper depending on the size of the fall.
4 Measurements of the sizes of the ministries, examination of wiring, eye-eyes and drawing of sketches.
After the drill is completed, the cycling of 0.5 metres from the top of the fish is washed, then the pump is stopped for recovery, so that it is accurate and quantitative, and the drill can be drilled in different directions over time, with pressure of 5-10KN, not too large, and in one direction.
6 In the event of multiple decentralizations and inconsistent inflows, this means that the faller is not recovered and can be easily rotated and then pulled and recovered.
7 If the fall is small, the boot is long and the floor is softer, it allows for small discharges, slow pressure to drill into 3-5 cm, and then the pump throws for recovery.
Eight pumps are not too strong to break the magnet.
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61 How do you use the kava properly?
A: Select the appropriate canisters and install the appropriate size kava, based on well trails and head sizes. In the event of a deformation of the fish ceiling or a sting, the head should be repaired and recovered.
2 Unload the cartridges, inspect and maintain the spare parts, measure the size, draw sketches, and tighten the wires.
Circulation of well-drilled fluids from 3 down to a fish ceiling of 0.5 m or more, flushing out the sand around the fish ceiling.
4 Corrected and measured for salvage party entry, correct for heavy watch.
Five of the pumps are decentralized for recovery, which, if detected, can slow down or turn in a different direction, allowing the head to enter the kava and to drill the rig, which, if suspended, proves to be caught.
Six drills were preceded by a pump that fully recycled well fluids and raised the bottom of the well by two brakes of 1-2 metres, which, if the weight remained unsustainable, proved that the fish had been taken out of the water.
When seven of the drills were completed, the available side drills were put down and the clamp was being turned back.
If the fish card dies and the cycle is not working, the drilling rig can be decentralized and the canister can be pressed at 200-500 KN (or hit with a sub-firing device), so that the Qavasone can open and fall, and then it can be pulled out of the Qavanet.
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62. How is it possible to use a real-time, masonal drilling rig correctly?
A: Both public cones and mother cones have both positive and inverse deductions, and the methods used by mothers and fathers are essentially the same. The difference is that the cones are suitable for the recovery of a larger tube with a thick wall, such as a drill, a drilling pole or a thicker part, and are buttoned in the eye of the pipe; The parent cone, on the other hand, applies to the recovery of a thinr tube, such as the drill-like, and is sequestered from the outside of the tube.
1 The selection of suitable parent cones according to the size of the head eye and the trajectorial diameter;
2. Checks whether the male or male coil is wired and draws sketches with sizes;
3 rigs: male (mother) cone + safety interface + drill pole;
Four down to 1 – 2 metres from the top of the fish to open the pump cycle and wash the fish head. Draws a mark of the top of the fish and the buttons;
5. Reduced discharges and slowly decentralized drilling rigs to explore the top. (a) When the fish is found on top, the way to determine whether to enter the fish head is to reduce the weight of the pressure, and to have a rading sense of the lifting arm of the pump, indicating that it has entered; If the pump pressure remains unchanged, the inlet does not indicate the failure;
Six stop pumps. An example of this is the public cone recovery of the 127mm drill, which is followed by a five to 10KN pressure, a two-wheel pull, and a watch table, which, if the weight is slowly raised, proves to have been taken in, and then gradually increased to 30-40KN. Eight buttons for a cone of 1:16 and 8 buttons per inch;
7 Upon confirmation of the build-up, the rigs shall be lifted and then transferred to the second and third-metre brakes at the bottom of the well, confirming that the hold-up is in place before drilling can take place;
8 For fishing tops, the drills can be rotated down from different directions; If the top of the fish remains undetected, the head of the fish should be replaced by a bending drill, which should not go blind enough to prevent the head from being squeezed into the ground;
When a drill is recovered, the operation shall be smooth, light and light, and the switch buttons shall be strictly prohibited;
After 10 buttons, the following rigs are sticky, which, if able to open the pump cycle, can be recycled to process a bubble-depressant or, if not, to apply a rewinding.
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63. How do we use the sandals correctly?
Answer 1: The appropriate shoe type and specification should be selected according to the shape of the faller and the size of the borehole, which should normally have a diameter of 20-5-mm less than that of the borehole.
Check the quality of sandals and draw sketches.
The structure of the three drills is: sandals + drills + drills.
~4 down the drill with open eyes and no sandals.
The bottom of the well is washed clean before grinding, the pump is decentralized with a pressurer (generally 30-50KN), the pump is pumped, and the grinding is low.
In the grinding process, it is common for each of the 30 minutes or so to be flushed and to continue grinding.
7 ? If the pump pressure rises and the wheel is reduced to mean that the sandal teeth are flatted, the drill should be replaced by the sandals; If a significant decrease in iron crumbs is found, and the wheel is lightened, this means that the fall has been polished.
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64 – What are the reasons for cable and instrument encounter cards when measuring wells in the naked eye? What should be done?
A: The reasons for the well encounter card are:
1 Cables have been static for a long time and sticky card cables occur.
2 Sandbridges or indentation layers causing card instruments.
3 Deep wells, directed wells, and irregular well paths, resulting in card instruments on the shoulder.
The 4-directed wells have been measuring wells for long periods of time in areas where the slopes, slopes and all-angle of the direct wells have changed, and the cables have been drawn into the formation of key slots in the formation of the formation of the ground on the side of the bumper, with increasing resistance until they are stuck to death.
Method of handling: To operate up and down cables if the contact card is less severe, and can be used to pull up and out of the force within the safe pull range. If the card is severe or fatal, it must not be forced to pull out the cable that causes it to be broken, and it must be handled in a heart-trapped manner.
For the borehole of the electrocution card, the borehole may be ploughed with a pretenser to remove the shoulder and damage the key slot to repair the well wall.
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Brief description of the procedures for the operation of heart-trapped cable decals?
A: Cables are secured with clamps and attached to wells.
2 Cut cables off from the ground. Installation of “shroom head” on the head of a cable at one end of the well and of a fast-wire head on the head of a cable at the end of the winch (intersect with “shroom head”).
When drilled, the poles were hung and the canisters were attached to the lower side, and the cables at the end of the winch, with a fast-wireed connection, were drawn by the well-bearer from the waterhole of the rig and the “shroom head” on the well cable. When it is taken, the winch is tightened and the clamp on the wellhead cable is removed, and the drill is made.
~4 When the first pole is on the wheel, the cable is attached to the driller’s mother’s button with a special pad, and the cable at the end of the winch is unloaded and then brought down by the well-bearer from the drilling pole’s eye, which is attached to the “whizzling head” on the cable inside the well. When it is ready, the winch will be tightened and the clamp on the wellhead cable removed, followed by a pole. This was repeated until the instrument was recovered from the canister.
~5 The electric winch pulls the cable from the top of the instrument, pulls it out, then drills it up and pulls out the drums and instruments.
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66. What is the recovery and attention of cables?
A: Cables are cut off in wells and can be recovered with a roper. Liners are divided into in-liners and out-liners. The two ropers operate in the same way. The following are the operational and security concerns for the recovery of cables:
(1) Recovery operations
1 ? ? ? Calculate the depth of the well at the end of the head when the cable in the well breaks.
2? ? The first drill was made, and the breaker was to slow down after deep down. If there is no impediment, the end well can be down by up to 150 metres. One round, up 1-2 metres, then back to the lower depth, and then another round, where you can drill with a low-speed and careful drill. When the drill is lifted, all are unbuttoned with a clamp, or with a spin line or with a hydraulic pressure large clamp.
If it is not recovered for the first time, it is only possible to increase by 100 metres at a time until it is recovered.
A small drilling pole may also be used in lieu of a thorium 127 drill to be recovered in the eye of a thiram 216 well, depending on the depth of the small drill.
(2)? Security precautions?
1 When welding a rope with a cone at the scene, it is noted that the hooks of the ropes are not too large or too small, generally about 15 mm larger than the cable diameter and 1.5-2 mm long.
At each time the salvager is down, the depth below must not exceed 100 mm deep in the cable ‘ s breaker well, nor can the wheeling drive (three-four circles) be further rotated in order to prevent the cable from being sprawled into a large column without being drilled.
Cables recovered each time are accurately measured to provide a basis for the next recovery.
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67. What should be done with the acoustic measuring instrument in the tube?
Response: Acoustic impact cards within the tube are divided into two situations, one where the instrument can only go down, the top of which cannot be removed, most of which is due to the deformation of the button end of the tube. When the instrument is lifted to the point of contact, a number of persons (whose weight and weight should be close to or greater than the weight of the cable) are organized to pull the cable between the winch and the rig, which causes the cables, instruments to shake and vibrate and eject above the point of impact. If this act is not effective, a small drilling pole can be used for heart-trapping and a karwa canister can be used to extract the instrument. The second scenario concerns instruments that are not capable of moving up and down, and that should be dealt with directly through a heart-trapped approach, as they are killed by cement blocks, sediments, fallers, etc. It’s forbidden to pull.
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68. What should be noted in the operation of upper and lower shockers?
Answer one, hit.
1 Select the right booster, depending on the rig.
2 The upper pull (upper pull = the weight of the drill above the upper trigger + the selected upper force) is calculated on the basis of the weight of the rig above the card point and the load of the upper trigger.
Prior to the earthquake, the safety of the suspension system and the well-shelter was checked, the hook rings and the water tap automatic buttons were removed, the rest were tied to the fuse line and the Sky Wheel was stowd to guard against the big rope jumper.
4 The heavy watch must be sensitive and reliable; Prevent the well from falling.
When the salvage tool caught the fish, the rig was first decentralized to shut down the upper-strike.
6 The lifting of the rigs caused the pull to refer to the calculation and the drilling column to produce the corresponding extension. This is when the roller is waiting for the shock. The uncalculated post-earthquake drills could be decentralized, the shockers would be completely shut down and repositioned, and the rigs would be lifted for a second shock. So many times, until the decalation.
If the first shock is not possible, it may be that the upper pull is insufficient, and the drill should refer to the required pull (the maximum cannot exceed the maximum upper pull of the rig and the upper.
If a second shock is not possible, the upper-strike may not have completely shut down the reposition, at which point the rig should be placed more until the reposition is completely closed.
The force of the shock should be increased gradually from a small to a large size, but not beyond the maximum pull allowed by the upper-strike.
10 In directed wells and complex wells, accelerator can be attached to enhance the upper impact.
Two, down.
1 Choose the appropriate under-shooter, depending on the rig.
2 Calculates the square entry of the lower striker when it closes and marks on the side drill.
Prior to the shock, the safety of the suspension system and the well-shelter was checked, the hook rings and the tap accelerator were removed and the rest were tied to the safety line and the slings of the Sky Wheel were secured from the large rope jumper.
This heavy watch must be sensitive and reliable; Prevent the well from falling.
When found, the upper mark was placed on the side of the rig.
The six-up drills were designed to pull the sub-breeders completely apart (the de-breeders drawn on the reference rigs pulled the mark) and the drills produced a corresponding stretch.
The rigs were quickly decentralized until the length of the tila (i.e., when the fish was recovered) was released, and the roller was immediately braked to create a strong downer. So many and so many shocks until the cards were removed.
If the above-mentioned rapid decentralization does not complete the length of the tila, it produces a continuous shock and a certain uptight force.
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69. What should be the focus of the suite?
A: Squeeze is an important preparation for the rebutting. The operational and security concerns are as follows.
1. Preparatory work?
One?? Fixing the equipment, well-drilled.
2? ? Select the size of the shoes and slings according to the well eye and landing structure. The length of the cylinder is determined by the body mass and depth of the head.
Three?
4 ? ? ? ? Connection to a rig (shoes + barrel + rig) down the well.
2.? Method of operation
1 ? ? ? When the shoe goes down to 1 m on the top of the fish, the pump is pumped and the suspension and pump pressure is recorded.
2? ? On the basis of a shoe bumping into a slowly decentralized drilling pole. Shoes touch the fish head brakes, micro-engineer, and turn the canopy. Pump pressure after injection is slightly increased, when the application of light pressure, slow rotation, large charge is used. The borehole, with a diameter of 216 mm, is drilled at 30-50 KN, with a rotor speed of 60-70r/min and a charge of 30 L/s.
Three? In the trap, half a single root, one eye on the drill. And when it comes up, be careful not to mention the top.
When four sets are complete and a single reentry is repeated, a small pressure can be applied to the head and the rigs can be rotated with a large tortilla. At this point, if the stubble of the stubble is slightly moved, the weight of the table pointer is placed back to the stubble, the decentralized rigs are unobstructed and can be placed deep in a stubble well, indicating that it has been intruded and can continue to be applied.
Each time a set of five is to last, a single parent button shall be applied to 2 m below, as the next set of “quote”.
3. ? Security technical measures
One canal was blocked from opening its eyes in case of new eyes. In case of obstruction, the barrel should be lifted and the well eye fixed.
2 When a shoe enters the fish head, it is slow and, in case of obstruction, immediately ceases the decentralization, co-ordinates the interlocking, and moves in different directions. Welding and nailing can also be used in the shoes to determine that the shoes have been placed in the head with the evidence of a cut on the head.
In three sets, if the pump is suffocated, the holster is stopped immediately. Pumps should be stopped and put back into the water, with drilling poles on them and a choice made to open the well to pump. Small charge pump cycles are opened and gradually increased before holster operations resume.
The first drum on the top of the four shoes is the most vulnerable and should be strictly checked and replaced. The 50h per cylinder should be replaced.
When five sets of fish fall, the tail of the fish shall be fully dried up when it is under the well; If a card drill is suspended, when it reaches 1-2 m from the fish’s tail, the squirt is lifted to prevent the fish from falling down.
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70. What should be the focus of rebutting?
Rewinding operations and security concerns are as follows:
1. Preparatory work?
1: One-time preparation with a total strength greater than the well drilling rig and the same size of a back-barrel drill, back-barrel cone, back-barrel secure interface and well-head tools, etc.
2 Comprehensive inspection of equipment. In particular, the winch clutch and chain are ready for sale.
The first time, the buttons were being pulled down, the drilling fluid was processed and the rigs were lifted. (b) The lower of the square drill is retracting the contour of the cone (slashing the fragrance) with a two-clip of a wire rope and then welding of three steel plates; All the wires connected to the main pipe of the water tap are wired to three copper plates (e.g., a rebuffer, no welded steel bars are required for the link below the drill).
4-combined drilling rigs (drilling column structure: retorts, spears, male (mother) cones, etc. + retrust safety interface + backtock shocker + retrusters + backtract drill).
2. Rewinding operation
1 Drill to 0.5 m from head of fish to pump and wash, to remove the large hulls and hulls, to adjust the heavy watch, and to ensure that it is sensitive and reliable and is replaced by a rewinding prefix.
2 Causals (the same method of sequestering as that used in a cone). After the sequestering was completed, it was replaced with a normal vehicle, with a drill column, which slightly increased the pull power over the weight of the drilling rig, brakeed the brake, and then turned into a rolling back, attached to a spin-discortion clutch, and began to rebut.
In the rewinding process, close attention is paid to the changes in the loads of the suspension and the wheel. If the stagger is reduced, the wheel is not weak and the wheel is stable, indicating that the button has been reversed; The above increase in the ceiling. If the heaviness rises to the heaviness of the original drilling, but at the same time does not mean that the rig is fully active, then it should be replaced by a normal pump cycle (with a small to large amount of charge) and slowly lifts up the decentralised rigs, at which point the wheel is not allowed. Once the card is removed, the drill is ready; If the weight is rising and is very weak, then the rigs should be slowly decentralized and then rewinded when the pressure disappears; If the buttons are very tight, when the switcher slips, the main car is stopped, the car is used to sell the dead transfer switch, and the total air switch is controlled for retort.
After the four buttons were turned upside down, they were replaced by a straight-in. It’s good to drill with a pump top through the eye.
3. Security concerns
Accurate measurements and sketches must be made of the wells, cones, safety interfaces, etc.
2? ? The retort diamond must be tied with two clamps and the button must be strictly forbidden.
Before a three-fold button, the square heart supplement (the roller’s refilling place) must be bound by a wire. When the buttons were reversed, the personnel retreated to a secure position and the excess personnel left the rig.
The number of rings should be reversed on the basis of the steel grade of the rig and the degree of wear and tear.
Five of the drills were not to be broken or unbuttoned with a turner.
The replacement of retort steel bars with cavities is strictly prohibited.
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What should be the focus of attention to complex wells?
Response 1: Underground safety is first ensured by ground equipment, with emphasis on drilling pumps, taps, high-pressure pipe sinks, purification equipment, and, in addition, the heavy watch must be sensitive and reliable.
2 The midway cycle should be maintained and a consolidation paragraph should be drawn. Process and adjust the fluid performance of well drilling to form new well walls.
3 In the eye, the post-pump rig is normal and can be placed to the end in order to take the single root. Pumps are suspended late in the case, which accelerates the rate of the single root and minimizes the time taken to stop the pumps.
During the four boreholes, when equipment malfunctions cause it to be unable to circulate for a long time, it is necessary to drill with determination and to find a way to fill the well.
The pumps should be stopped immediately when they are strangulated. The lifting of the rigs up to the straight-through well segment, which is continuously rotated, and when the pump is properly pumped with a small charge, gradually increases the load and restores the eye-opening.
Seven? When you cross your eyes, you have to prevent new eyes. The approach of “one-strike, two-pronged, three-pronged” is to follow the single pump and then run down, and then move a position on the rig and then move it. In the event of impulsiveness and failure, the “talent point” approach should be used. That is, first press 20-30KN, turn the wheel, see if the sensitivity table returns to zero, if it is not drilled, then immediately stop the wheel, then press 20-30KN, turn the wheel, so repeated, until the dial point is crossed by a single root, then lifts the row again, and not presses the wheel like a drill.
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What should be noted in re-explanatory operations?
A: Be careful with the re-eyed, with the drills and the caps attached to the safety ropes to prevent the karwa from leaving the wounded when the wheel knocks out the car.
To correct the heavy-finger watch, to display zero sensitivity, to slowly lift the drill to the position of the encounter card, to pull around 10KN and to brake the roller.
The three wellheads were placed in the rigs and the kavaca rigs were tightened, slowly turning the wheel and beginning to pierce their eyes.
After normal reduction of the wheeling load, the wheel was suspended and drilled and pulled around 10 KN, and the drill was stuck to the magma to start the wheel. Heavy load operation until the rig is out.
Five paragraphs, the preceding paragraph, should not rush to a conclusion, so as not to cause the drilling to die.